使用Neurosynth进行大脑元分析

首先声明下，不要报太大期望，特别的卡···········

1. 适应：习惯化和敏感化

2017-10-19 16:10:20

Introduction

Introduction 机器学习可以分为两大类，有监督学习和无监督学习。 Supervised and unsupervised machine learning

Basic terms 神经谱学（Nanospectroscopy） 一般而言，大脑的疾病和病理学可以分为以下几类： 结构性：变性，肿瘤和胚胎缺陷 功能像：ps 我自己认为应该有这么个分类·········· 生理性：血液供应自发中断 生化或基因的 对于前三种疾病，我们可以使用MRI/fMRI技术来进行诊断，因为这些病变尺度较大（mm级别），可以用肉眼观察到，但对于生化或基因的问题，尺度很小，MRI就无能为力了。 生化疾病，一些与受体和神经递质有关，例如Parkinson的多巴胺（dopamine）；一些与生化反应过程中的路径紊乱有关，如氧化，合成代谢和分解代谢中的中间代谢等。 对于这类疾病，MRS是一种无损地检测基因表达和大脑代谢产物的检测方法。

报告简介

1. What is Priming? 在心理学里，启动（priming）指个体对感受到的某个刺激的无意识加工（启动刺激），会促进对随后呈现刺激的加工（目标刺激或靶刺激）。 前后两个刺激之间应该有一些共同的属性，它们可以是知觉的，语义的或者是概念的。前后两个刺激属于同种模态时启动效应最好（视觉-视觉）。但不同模态的两种刺激也可以诱发启动效应（听觉-视觉）。 启动的这种促进（accessibility）作用，一般可以从知觉，认知和行为的角度进行解释。认知方面，有人认为启动是一种内隐记忆效应（an implicit memory effect）（CTI Reviews, LEARNING and MEMORY）。Bargh认为，启动效应的本质是外在环境刺激和内在的这些环境刺激对应表征之间的联结。

Poldrack 2005. Acquisition of a new skill is generally associated with a decrease in the need for effortful control over performance, leading to the development of automaticity. Automaticity by definition has been achieved when performance of a primary task isminimally affected by other ongoing tasks. The neural basis of automaticity was examined by testing subjects in a serial reaction time (SRT) task under both single-task and dual-task conditions. The diminishing cost of dual-task performance was used as an index for automaticity. Subjects performed the SRT task during two functional magnetic imaging sessions separated by 3 h of behavioral training over multiple days. Behavioral data showed that, by the end of testing, subjects had automated performance of the SRT task. Before behavioral training, performance of the SRT task concurrently with the secondary task elicited activation in a wide network of frontal and striatal regions, as well as parietal lobe. After extensive behavioral training, dual-task performance showed comparatively less activity in bilateral ventral premotor regions, right middle frontal gyrus, and right caudate body; activity in other prefrontal and striatal regions decreased equally for single-task and dual-task conditions. These data suggest that lateral and dorsolateral prefrontal regions, and their corresponding striatal targets, subserve the executive processes involved in novice dual-task performance. The results also showed that supplementary motor area and putamen/globus pallidus regions showed training-related decreases for sequence conditions but not for random conditions, confirming the role of these regions in the representation of learned motor sequences. Key words: basal ganglia; learning; prefrontal; executive control; automaticity; sequence learning